• In eukaryotes class III ACs including GCs

  2024-10-22

  

  In eukaryotes, class III ACs (including GCs) are almost universally present, with the noteworthy exception of higher plants. Our dataset comprises 9690 sequences of class III nucleotide cyclases from 710 eukaryotic species. Approximately 80% thereof belong to subclass IIIa and 10% to subclasses IIIb

• However cancer and fibrotic diseases are the most

  2024-10-21

  

  However, cancer and fibrotic diseases are the most extensively studied disease states. ATX is connected to various cancers because it can stimulate chemokinesis and chemotaxis in melanoma cells. Upregulated ATX formyl has been reported in breast cancer,, prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, non-small-ce

• br Author contributions br Competing interests br Transparen

  2024-10-21

  

  Author contributions Competing interests Transparency document Acknowledgments This research was funded by a TOP ZonMW grant (40-00812-98-10054) to R.O.E., a DFG grant (KR4391/1-1) and IZKF Erlangen grant (J36) to A.K. and supported in part by Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de

• br Methods br Results br Discussion Autotaxin

  2024-10-21

  

  Methods Results Discussion Autotaxin has been shown to have effects on major cell types implicated in OA, notably chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and synoviocytes, through its enzymatic product LPA [20]. However, a paucity of research exists on the involvement of autotaxin in OA. Fi

• br Discussion Arginase and Arginase are homologous enzymes

  2024-10-21

  

  Discussion Arginase 1 and Arginase 2 are homologous enzymes that consume l-arginine to produce l-ornithine and urea [14], [15]. These enzymes compete with NO synthases for the same substrate [14], [15], [30], and therefore may reduce NO production [21], [24], [30]. The colocalization of arginases

• While increased arginase levels has been shown in animal mod

  2024-10-21

  

  While increased arginase levels has been shown in animal models and in humans with cardiovascular dysfunction [16], [22], [23], it is unknown whether plasma levels or activity of Arginase may predict ED risk. In addition, recent evidence suggests that plasma l-arginine hydrolysis by arginases limits

• APJ is mainly coupled to PTX sensitive Gi

  2024-10-21

  

  APJ is mainly coupled to PTX-sensitive Gi/o proteins [33], and thus, it is associated with the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and the activations of PI3K/Akt signaling and MAPKs signaling pathways [23], [54], [55], [56]. In a previous study, apelin stimulations of the PI3K/Akt and/or the MAPK pathwa

• Apelin is involved in various physiological

  2024-10-21

  

  Apelin is involved in various physiological functions, including ro5 contraction (Ashley et al., 2005), vasodilatation (Jia et al., 2007), feeding control (Valle et al., 2008), and metabolic homeostasis (Higuchi et al., 2007, Dray et al., 2008, Attane et al., 2010). Its plasma level is elevated in

• sesamin In humans the superior safety profile of lipid assoc

  2024-10-21

  

  In humans, the superior safety profile of lipid-associated formulations is characterized by decreased acute infusion-related reactions and dose-related nephrotoxicity, allowing the administration of larger doses and therefore similar efficacy with fewer administrations. In vitro studies and human cl

• br Eprosartan The AT R antagonist

  2024-10-21

  

  Eprosartan The AT1R antagonist eprosartan is approved for the treatment of essential NT157 australia and may be administered using a convenient once-daily regimen. The drug is a well-tolerated and effective antihypertensive agent with benefit in the secondary prevention of cerebrovascular events,

• Introduction It has long been

  2024-10-21

  

  Introduction It has long been recognized that angiogenesis is critical to the growth, progression, and metastasis of many solid tumor types [1], and thus, drugs targeting the angiogenic pathway have been a topic of clinical investigation in the oncology community for many years. Angiogenesis is reg

• br Guava tea leaves inhibit leukocyte type lipoxygenase

  2024-10-21

  

  Guava tea leaves inhibit leukocyte-type 12-lipoxygenase activity Guava tea that is extracted from guava leaves contains a number of polyphenols, and is commonly taken as a dietary supplement. The extracts show a variety of beneficial effects such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antiprolif

• To date defining the prognostic impact

  2024-10-21

  

  To date, defining the prognostic impact of molecular drivers of early-stage NSCLC has been challenging due to the relative rarity of these subsets and the redefinition of comparator arms over time as understanding of the molecular drivers of NSCLC evolved. Indeed, use of molecularly heterogeneous co

• Voluminous literature about the neuroendocrine mechanism of

  2024-10-19

  

  Voluminous literature about the neuroendocrine mechanism of reproduction and energy regulation has emerged from studies involving mammalian species. The avian infundibular nucleus (equivalent structure to the mammalian arcuate nucleus) consists of two neuronal populations, one of which expresses neu

• The relatively high concentration of HT used

  2024-10-19

  

  The relatively high concentration of 5-HT used in this study (100 µM) is consistent with the concentrations used in other published ex vivo studies (Ropert and Guy, 1991, Passani et al., 1994, Shen and Andrade, 1998). In our paradigm 5-HT was focally applied at the surface of the slice via a fast pe

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