• GPR is present primarily in

  2022-03-15

  

  GPR119 is present primarily in the pancreas and the intestine. Activation of GPR119 increases insulin, GLP-1, GIP and PYY secretion. GPR119 agonists stimulate insulin release in a glucose-dependent manner. The glucose dependent insulin secretion (GIDS) mechanism makes GPR119 an attractive target for

• Cichlasoma dimerus as most teleost fish species

  2022-03-15

  

  Cichlasoma dimerus, as most teleost fish species, present neurons expressing GnRH3 (Pandolfi et al., 2005). As in most Fmoc-Lys(Dnp)-OH mg species, the neurons expressing GnRH3 are mainly located in the NOR, although few neurons were detected in the olfactory bulb, ventral telencephalon and the POA

• br Brief overview of the glutamate system and

  2022-03-15

  

  Brief overview of the glutamate system and rationale for targeting the glycine site of NMDARs In the central nervous system (CNS), glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter and works in concert with gamma-aminobutyric tandospirone (GABA), the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter. Togethe

• ATP is essential for maintaining the ionic balance of the

  2022-03-14

  

  ATP is essential for maintaining the ionic balance of the lens (Michael and Bron, 2011). Without sufficient ATP there is an ionic imbalance due to Na+K+ATPase dysfunction. Previous studies have shown that rabbit lenses incubated ex vivo without glucose rapidly lost ATP in their lens epithelium and f

• The translation of our rat

  2022-03-14

  

  The translation of our rat findings to bovine and human lenses revealed that the expression of glucose transporters was more straightforward in bovine and human than in the rat lens, since only GLUT1 was detected in these lenses. Using the C-terminal GLUT1 antibody, we observed bands for GLUT1 in al

• br Ghrelin Ghrelin was purified from rat stomach about

  2022-03-14

  

  Ghrelin Ghrelin was purified from rat stomach about twenty years ago as a 28-amino gap 26 octanoylated peptide and shown to be the endogenous ligand of the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor (now termed GHSR1a, Howard et al., 1996, Kojima et al., 1999). GHSR1a is a 7-transmembrane receptor

• Consistent with our result Camacho Barquero and

  2022-03-14

  

  Consistent with our result, Camacho-Barquero and coworkers showed that curcumin reduced phospho-P38 MAPK. P-38 MAPK is a key effector of several downstream factors that eventually modulate the homing of monocytic cells during the onset of intestine inflammation (Camacho-Barquero et al., 2007). Along

• This study appears to provide an

  2022-03-14

  

  This study appears to provide an additional example, albeit an unanticipated one, of the importance of renal ETB receptor function in the normal control of blood pressure and salt and water homeostasis. ETB receptor-deficient rats, collecting duct-specific ETB receptor knockout mice, and rats chroni

• br Introduction Local anesthetics LAs are a

  2022-03-14

  

  Introduction Local anesthetics (LAs) are a set of common medicines used for pain management in clinical settings. Up to now, LAs have been extensively used for peripheral nerve blocks, interventional spinal procedures, and epidural anesthesia [1]. In addition to their anesthetic and analgesic eff

• Anti apoptotic Bcl proteins have become attractive

  2022-03-14

  

  Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins have become attractive targets for anti-cancer agents development, because they are associated with progression of a wide variety of human cancers., , The small-molecular Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax (ABT-199) () has been approved recently for the treatment of patients w

• Aspartame l aspartyl l phenylalanine methylester is a dipept

  2022-03-14

  

  Aspartame (l-aspartyl l-phenylalanine methylester) is a dipeptide artificial sweetener that is widely used as a non-nutritive sweetener in various food products [1]. The increased market of dietary products and the development of new synthetic sweetening compounds have not been sufficiently explored

• br Activation of soluble guanylate cyclase The

  2022-03-14

  

  Activation of soluble guanylate cyclase The molecular steps involved in sGC activation have evolved significantly over the last several years. The key studies are outlined below, but here we provide an overall summary. The activation mechanism of sGC was initially proposed to be relatively simple

• baicalein receptor By combining the results of

  2022-03-12

  

  By combining the results of the melting curve analysis of exon 5 and exon 6, the allelic setup of our 250 subjects was determined; the four allelic variants are shown in Table 1. However, GSTP1-1 *A/*C and GSTP1-1 *B/*D could not be distinguished from one another because both genotypes are character

• Excessive extracellular glutamate may induce excitotoxic

  2022-03-12

  

  Excessive extracellular glutamate may induce excitotoxic neuronal damage in disorders of the CNS (Schwartz et al., 2003). EAATs are considered to contribute to prevention of excitotoxicity by glutamate uptake. Our data revealed that expression levels of membrane EAAT proteins in astrocytes are much

• br Conclusion Until recently astrocytes were recognized sole

  2022-03-12

  

  Conclusion Until recently, astrocytes were recognized solely for their maintenance role in the regulation of Vinpocetine homeostasis. Nowadays, this idea has changed, it is clear that these cells play a crucial role in the regulation of neuronal activity and signal transmission. In particular, g

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