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KN-93 Phosphate Besides Arg overexpression our data revealed
2025-02-24
Besides Arg2 overexpression, our data revealed that AGEs could decrease eNOS mRNA levels, which is considered a significant cause for attenuated NO production and vasodilation. It was found recently that AGEs significantly reduce eNOS expression levels and NO bioavailability in human carotid artery
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br Author contribution br Acknowledgement br Introduction Si
2025-02-24
Author contribution Acknowledgement Introduction Since the initial finding of Gould et al. [1], showing the loss of dendritic spines in the hippocampus after ovariectomy and its rescue after treatment of the animals with estradiol, a tremendous number of studies have demonstrated a role of
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Cyclo Some of the mechanisms that involve LOX as a
2025-02-24
Some of the mechanisms that involve 12-LOX as a potential pathogenic enzyme are illustrated in Fig. 2. Direct β cell effects associated with the stimulation of 12-LOX activity include the activation of second messengers c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK, both of which show increased phosphorylati
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Several ceritinib resistant mutations following the second l
2025-02-24
Several ceritinib-resistant mutations following the second-line treatment of ALK+-NSCLC have been discovered [64]. These mutations include C1156Y, F1174L, and L1152R, which were first observed in crizotinib-resistant tumor samples. The G1202R ceritinib-resistant mutation occurs within the hinge and
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To validate the identified phosphorylation sites
2025-02-24
To validate the identified phosphorylation sites in the mouse heart, we analyzed HEK 293T apomorphine transfected with Adrb1 based on the hypothesis that protein residues phosphorylated both in vivo and in vitro are more likely to be physiologically relevant. All of the phosphorylation sites identif
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Rising depolarization was observed during and decaying depol
2025-02-24
Rising depolarization was observed during and decaying depolarization after the photostimulation (Fig. 1D). The slow decrease of the firing rate after photostimulation is also a remarkable characteristic of the striatal neuron (Figs. 1E, 2 and 3), since the cortex pyramidal neurons (data not shown)
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Pioneering studies on the immunomodulatory
2025-02-24
Pioneering studies on the immunomodulatory role of adenosine date back to the early ‘70 s of last century (Fig. 1), when the critical role of this nucleoside in shaping the development and the activity of several immune cell populations was first established [[18], [19], [20], [21], [22]]. This then
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Serum soluble sCD is a shedding
2025-02-21
Serum soluble sCD21 is a shedding product from the ectodomain of membrane CD21 after B cell activation (Masilamani et al., 2003, Masilamani et al., 2004a, Masilamani et al., 2004b, Grottenthaler et al., 2006, Hoefer et al., 2008), which resembles the ligand-binding capacity of intact CD21 (Wu et al.
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Toxicity is the main reason for the failure at all
2025-02-21
Toxicity is the main reason for the failure at all stages of the new drug development process. The major part of safety-related attrition occurs at preclinical phases while predicting preclinical safety liabilities earlier in the drug development process. This strategy enables the design and/or sele
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br AD and COX LOX
2025-02-21
AD and COX/5-LOX pharmacology Early studies on the role of cyclooxygenases in AD were inspired by epidemiological data suggesting that COX inhibitors such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) could be beneficial in AD patients (Lucca et al., 1994, McGeer et al., 1990). This line of re
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Small kinase inhibitors have been developed to block AXL by
2025-02-21
Small kinase inhibitors have been developed to block AXL by interacting with the kinase cytoplasmic ATP binding site. Up to date, no AXL selective kinase inhibitors are marketed. As depicted in , some marketed kinase inhibitors such as Bosutinib and Cabozantinib or kinase inhibitors in clinical pha
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Recent studies have indicated that V
2025-02-21
Recent studies have indicated that V-ATPase activity negatively regulates vacuolar fusion in vivo[17]. Since we have demonstrated that the pah1Δ Thioridazine metabolite have a more acidic vacuolar pH than the WT cells, and the genes involved in the pump activity are upregulated compared to WT, the
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Phosphoinositide kinase PI K Akt has been well demonstrated
2025-02-21
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt has been well demonstrated in the protection of myocardial cell against IR injury via increasing cardiomyocyte survival, inhibiting excessive autophagy, et al. (Kong et al., 2016). The cholecystokinin receptor of ERK1/2 also involves in the regulation of cardiac
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Ac-IETD-pNA As previously mentioned when hypoxia treated cel
2025-02-21
As previously mentioned when hypoxia-treated cells become re-oxygenated they sustain a significant amount of DNA damage which has been attributed to the formation of reactive oxygen species . This finding represents more than just an interesting in vitro phenomenon as within a tumor, cells have been
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The results of our in vivo experiments provide
2025-02-21
The results of our in vivo experiments provide promising evidence that the apelin/APLNR axis is implicated in CCA growth and that targeting this axis with a receptor specific antagonist may help develop effective, tumor directed therapies. Not only do we show decreased proliferation and angiogenesis