• Recently CFS has been included

  2022-10-12

  

  Recently, CFS has been included in the group “low cystine and glutamine syndromes,” which are characterized by a combination of abnormally low plasma levels of these two aminoacids, as well as reduced natural killer cell activity, and increased rates of urea production [13]. Some studies indicated

• Previous studies have established that phosphorylation of

  2022-10-12

  

  Previous studies have established that phosphorylation of GC-B is required for activation of GC-B. Conversion of all six chemically determined serine and threonine phosphorylation sites in GC-B to alanines produced a properly folded enzyme that retained GC activity under synthetic detergent activati

• In conclusion three heat stable cyclic peptides guanylin uro

  2022-10-12

  

  In conclusion, three heat-stable cyclic peptides, guanylin, uroguanylin and renoguanylin are expressed in the intestine and kidney of the European eel, Anguilla anguilla. Their physiological functions are likely to be mediated, at least in part, by two isoforms of the guanylate cyclase type C recept

• Introduction In the s nitric

  2022-10-12

  

  Introduction In the 1980s, nitric oxide (NO) was first characterized as critical to both innate immunity and endogenous signaling in animals [[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]]. NO was the first gaseous signaling molecule synthesized by animals to have its biochemical signaling pathway fully described [2]. P

• Interestingly interactions between Smad and RhoA the other s

  2022-10-12

  

  Interestingly, interactions between Smad3 and RhoA, the other small GTPase which is highly homologous to RhoB [9], could not be observed suggesting that the Smad3/RhoB interactions require amino Vacuolin-1 residues that are unique to RhoB. Combined with our previous observation that the RhoA gene, w

• Despite the rapid development of synthetic

  2022-10-12

  

  Despite the rapid development of synthetic ligands, the endogenous ligands of GPR109A, GPR109B and GPR81 remained elusive until recently. This is probably the result of their relatively low potencies and their metabolite character (Table 1). Traditionally, agonists of GPCRs were believed to belong t

• In conclusion this is the first description

  2022-10-12

  

  In conclusion, this is the first description of a GPR81 agonist with an ability to exert in vivo efficacy without causing flushing. These results demonstrate that GPR81 small-molecule agonists may be effective for treating dyslipidemia. In addition, targeting GPR81 could prevent the unwanted side ef

• To determine the functional consequences of HIV gp binding t

  2022-10-12

  

  To determine the functional consequences of HIV gp120 binding to vaginal epithelial cells, an annotation clustering of the differentially expressed genes was performed. The top enriched biological processes included an inflammatory immune response, defense response and the pathways included the SODD

• Oxidative stress results from the disequilibrium between lev

  2022-10-12

  

  Oxidative stress results from the disequilibrium between levels of prooxidant molecules produced and the ability of a biological system to detoxify and neutralize the reactive molecules [14]. OS is a chronic, self-perpetuating state of damage to cells and increased inflammation resulting from the c

• Always some extra effort may

  2022-10-12

  

  Always, some extra effort may make great progress in sensing platform, for example, Ma's group discovered luminescent iridium (Ⅲ) complexes which were highly selective for G-quadruplex DNA and Al3+, then they utilized these complexes to develop a series of G-quadruplex-based probes and chemosensor r

• br Author contribution br Declaration

  2022-10-12

  

  Author contribution Declaration of interest Acknowledgements This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 81473093) and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM1601ZZ-02). Introduction Diabetes represents a majo

• Through the analysis of various synthetic GPR agonists as

  2022-10-12

  

  Through the analysis of various synthetic GPR40 agonists as reported in literature, we found that a number of these compounds contained a phenylpropanoic Anti-cancer Compound Library receptor motif which was inspired from naturally occurring medium to long chain fatty acids. For instance, in the ea

• The unique mechanism of EAAT anion

  2022-10-12

  

  The unique mechanism of EAAT anion channel gating results in neuronal or glial anion conductances that follow changes in substrate concentrations and thus allow feedback control of glutamate release (Wersinger et al., 2006) or modification of GABAergic postsynaptic currents by glutamatergic signals

• In conclusion we have designed

  2022-10-12

  

  In conclusion, we have designed and characterized a novel series of EAAT-blockers, exemplified by (-[4-(2-bromo-4,5-difluorophenoxy)phenyl]--asparagine)—a potent, selective, competitive non-substrate inhibitor of EAAT-2. As one of the most potent and selective EAAT-2 inhibitors identified to date, c

• br Acknowledgements The authors are grateful

  2022-10-12

  

  Acknowledgements The authors are grateful for funding provided by the Health Research Council of New Zealand. Introduction Glucose is the most important energy carrier of the brain. Glucose transporter type 1 (Glut1) is located at the blood–brain barrier and assures the energy-independent, fa

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